How to diagnose preterm labor: a clinical dilemma

The clinician is faced with many dilemmas in the diagnosis of preterm labor. The tools at hand (no pun intended) yield subjective information and it is difficult to distinguish true labor from false labor. Because preterm labor is multifactorial in cause and can occur in primiparas, estimating risk for the individual patient is difficult. The cause of the preterm labor in the majority of patients is idiopathic; in this group, the use of salivary estriol as a biochemical marker for preterm labor can increase the accuracy of the diagnosis of true labor. It may also lend confidence to the diagnosis of false labor and may allay anxiety and prevent unnecessary interventions. On the horizon are two noninvasive methods: the EMG, to evaluate uterine contractility, and the collascope, to evaluate the cervix. Both show promise and may provide a more objective assessment of risk for preterm delivery among women with symptoms of preterm labor.