Twelve-month interferon-alpha therapy induces a similar sustained response in anti-HBe-positive and HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients

We compared the response to interferon-alpha 2a in 35 patients with antibody to HBeAg (anti-HBe) and 20 patients with HBeAg in serum, and histological features of chronic hepatitis B.

Patients were treated with 4.5-6 MU of interferon-alpha 2a, three times a week for 12 months, and followed for 30.8 +/- 13.5 additional months.

All of them had elevated serum levels of aminotransferases and positive test for hepatitis B virus-DNA in serum. Patients with anti-HBe-positive chronic hepatitis were older and had higher serum aminotransferase levels than HBeAg-positive patients, but no differences were seen between both groups with respect to sex, history of acute hepatitis, mode of transmission of the infection or histological appearance before interferon therapy. Serum levels of alanine transaminase became normal and hepatitis B virus-DNA undetectable by PCR at the end of therapy in 25 (71%) of anti-HBe-positive patients and in 10 (50%) of HBeAg-positive patients (P > 0.05). Although 10 (29%) of the anti-HBe-positive and none of the HBeAg-positive patients relapsed, no significant difference was seen in the rate of sustained response (43% vs. 50%, respectively). The histological improvement was similar in both groups.

The results of this study indicated that biochemical, virological and histological response to 12-month interferon-alpha 2a therapy was similar in patients with anti-HBe antibody than in patients with the classical HBeAg-positive of chronic hepatitis B.