The hydrodynamics of a Graesser ("raining bucket") contactor with a reverse micellar phase

A variety of contactor types have been assessed for the liquid-liquid extraction of proteins using reversed micelles; however, many of these contactors suffer from drawbacks such as emulsion formation and poor mass transfer performance. In this study, a small (1.25 L) Graesser "raining bucket" contactor was assessed for use with this system since it has the potential to ameliorate many of these problems. The aim of the work was to evaluate the hydrodynamics of the contactor in order to use this information for future work on mass transfer performance. Hydrodynamic characteristics such as the axial mixing coefficient were determined by residence time distribution studies using a tracer injection method. The effect of rotor speed and flow rate of each phase on axial mixing was investigated, and as a result of its unusual structure, i.e., falling/rising sheet, the interfacial mass transfer area in the Graesser was determined by image analysis. It was found that rotor speed had more influence on the axial mixing coefficient in the aqueous phase than in the reverse micellar phase. The axial mixing coefficient in each phase increased by increasing the flow rate of the same phase. The images obtained in a dropping cell showed that under the conditions of this study (3 rpm, 22 degrees C), the bucket pours one phase through the other in the form of a curtain or sheet. A new image technique was developed to determine the interfacial area of both phases, and it was found that the specific area was 8.6 m(2)/m(3), which was higher than in a spray column but considerably lower than in a RDC or a Graesser run at high rotational speed (50 rpm) without the addition of a surfactant.