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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to occupy...
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
Phase Transitions01:21

Phase Transitions

A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...

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Electric-field Control of Electronic States in WS2 Nanodevices by Electrolyte Gating
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Quantum phase transitions in d-wave superconductors

Vojta1, Zhang, Sachdev

  • 1Department of Physics, Yale University, P.O. Box 208120, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8120, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|December 2, 2000
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Quantum phase transitions in d(x^2-y^2) superconductors show universal damping of nodal quasiparticles. Only two transitions, to d(x^2-y^2)+is and d(x^2-y^2)+id(xy) pairing, exhibit stable fixed points for this damping.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Superconductivity Theory

Background:

  • Nodal quasiparticles in cuprate superconductors exhibit strong low-temperature damping.
  • Understanding quantum phase transitions is crucial for novel material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Classify quantum phase transitions in d(x^2-y^2) superconductors.
  • Analyze the damping of nodal quasiparticles during these transitions.

Main Methods:

  • Group-theoretic classification of transitions.
  • Renormalization group analysis of fluctuations.
  • Study of spin-singlet, zero-momentum fermion bilinear order parameters.

Main Results:

  • A complete classification of seven distinct quantum phase transitions, including nematic order.
  • Identification of two transitions (to d(x^2-y^2)+is and d(x^2-y^2)+id(xy) pairing) with stable fixed points.
  • The d(x^2-y^2)+id(xy) transition results in undamped gapped quasiparticles along specific directions.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a comprehensive framework for understanding quantum phase transitions in d(x^2-y^2) superconductors.
  • Specific pairing symmetries are shown to lead to universal damping of nodal quasiparticles, a key experimental observation.