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Stroke: pathogenesis, investigations, and prognosis--Part II of III
T J Tegos1, E Kalodiki, M M Sabetai
1Department of Vascular Surgery, St. Mary's Hospital, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, England. t.tegos@ic.ac.uk
Insights
This review details the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of stroke, covering diagnostic imaging like CT and MRI, and their role in predicting patient outcomes. Understanding these aspects is crucial for effective stroke management.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Pathophysiology
Background:
- Stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide.
- Understanding stroke's complex mechanisms is vital for diagnosis and treatment.
- This review focuses on the pathogenetic and pathophysiologic aspects of stroke.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the pathogenetic and pathophysiologic mechanisms of stroke.
- To detail the role of various specialized investigations in stroke diagnosis.
- To present prognostic information based on diagnostic findings.
Main Methods:
- Review of current knowledge on stroke pathogenesis and pathophysiology.
- Detailed discussion of specialized investigations including CT, MRI, PET, angiography, ultrasonography, TCD, echocardiography, and biopsies.
- Integration of diagnostic data for outcome prognostication.
Main Results:
- Elucidation of stroke's underlying pathogenetic and pathophysiologic processes.
- Comprehensive overview of advanced neuroimaging and diagnostic techniques for stroke.
- Establishment of a framework for predicting stroke outcomes based on diagnostic modalities.
Conclusions:
- Accurate diagnosis through specialized investigations is key to understanding stroke.
- Pathophysiologic knowledge combined with imaging aids in prognosis.
- This review provides a foundation for further research and clinical practice in stroke care.
Abstract:
The aim of this review is to present the current knowledge regarding stroke. It will appear in three parts (in part I the epidemiology, clinical picture, and risk factors were discussed, while part III will consist of the management and rehabilitation). In the present part (II) the pathogenetic and pathophysiologic aspects of stroke are described. Regarding the investigations apart from the history and clinical examination and general investigations, the following specialized investigations and their role are discussed in detail: Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), xenon-blood-flow, positron emission tomography (PET), cerebral angiography, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), ultrasonography, transcranial Doppler (TCD), echocardiography, Holter monitoring, and biopsies. In addition, taking into account the information from the above-cited modalities a prognosis for the final outcome is presented.