The value of external anal sphincter electromyography for the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy

To assess the value of external anal sphincter electromyography (ASEMG) for the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy (MSA) among various causes of parkinsonism. ASEMG denervation profiles have previously been proposed as a diagnosis test for MSA, but their specificity is disputed.

ASEMG variables of 52 parkinsonian patients were analyzed according to the clinical diagnosis: MSA (n = 31) or no MSA (n = 21). Mean motor unit potential duration, percentage of polyphasicity, and the electromyographer's interpretation were analyzed according to clinical diagnosis, disease duration, genitourinary symptoms, gender, parity, and history of pelvic surgery.

All patients with MSA showed ASEMG denervation. Mean motor unit potential duration was the most discriminant variable. No patient with MSA had a mean duration less than 12 ms and no patient without MSA had one greater than 16 ms. ASEMG discriminates between patients with MSA and Parkinson's disease. Using a threshold of 13 ms, the sensitivity was 80% and specificity was almost 70% (positive predictive value, 80%) for the diagnosis of MSA. Age, history of pelvic surgery, and to a lesser extent, female gender, parity, disease duration, and presence of urinary symptoms increased the likelihood of abnormal ASEMG.

ASEMG was highly sensitive and rather specific for the diagnosis of MSA.