Neuromuscular and psychomotor abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia and their first-degree relatives

In previous studies of schizophrenic patients, neuromuscular (histopathological and electrophysiological) and psychomotor (finger tapping) abnormalities were found. The present study was designed to investigate relationships between these abnormalities and a family history of psychosis in 14 schizophrenic patients and 25 unaffected first-degree relatives compared to 14 healthy controls. Muscle biopsies were performed in either m. tibialis anterior or m. lateralis. Macro EMG recordings were made from m. tibialis anterior. A finger tapping test was used to investigate psychomotor performance. Neuromuscular abnormalities (muscle biopsies and/or macro EMG) and/or aberrant psychomotor performance (finger tapping test) were found in 13 (93%) patients, 14 (56%) first-degree relatives and in three (21%) controls. A statistically significant relationship for the psychomotor, but not neuromuscular changes to a family history of psychosis was found using a logistic regression method. The percentage of patients, relatives and healthy controls exhibiting were 36/40/7% in the muscle biopsy, 50/20/0% in the macro EMG, and 71/82/14% in the finger tapping investigations. A higher frequency of neuromuscular and psychomotor abnormalities was found in patients with schizophrenia and their first-degree relatives compared to healthy controls. The relationship between psychomotor findings and a family history of psychosis indicate that central aspects of motor aberrations are associated with a hereditary disposition of psychosis. The neuromuscular as well as psychomotor changes indicate that schizophrenia may be a systemic disease involving the central nervous system as well as peripheral organs. An altered cell membrane is suggested to be an underlying factor based on the type of neuromuscular findings.