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Off-axis electron holography of patterned magnetic nanostructures.

R E Dunin-Borkowski1, M R McCartney, B Kardynal

  • 1Center for Solid State Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 8587-704, USA. rafal.db@materials.ox.ac.uk

Journal of Microscopy
|January 11, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Researchers used electron holography to study magnetic reversal in nanoscale elements. They quantified domain structures and magnetic interactions, revealing how element properties and proximity influence magnetic behavior.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Understanding magnetization reversal is crucial for developing advanced magnetic storage and spintronic devices.
  • Lithographically patterned magnetic elements offer tunable magnetic properties at the nanoscale.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate magnetization reversal processes in nanoscale magnetic elements with varying dimensions, shapes, and layer sequences.
  • To quantify domain structures and inter-element magnetic interactions using in situ off-axis electron holography.

Main Methods:

  • In situ off-axis electron holography in a transmission electron microscope.
  • Fabrication of lithographically patterned magnetic elements (70-500 nm lateral dimensions, 3-30 nm thickness).
  • Analysis of Co, Ni, and Co/Au/Ni multilayer elements.

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Main Results:

  • Direct determination of hysteresis loops from holographic phase images.
  • Observed influence of out-of-plane magnetic fields and initial magnetic state on domain structure reproducibility.
  • Quantified strong inter-cell coupling due to element proximity.
  • Identified solenoidal (vortex) states in remanent states, not seen during cycling.
  • Observed coupling between magnetic layers within individual elements during field reversal.

Conclusions:

  • Off-axis electron holography provides nanoscale insights into magnetic reversal mechanisms.
  • Element geometry, thickness, and inter-element coupling significantly affect magnetic behavior.
  • Unique domain structures can emerge in remanent states, distinct from those during field cycling.