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Spatial memory and learning deficits after experimental pneumococcal meningitis in mice
A Wellmer1, C Noeske, J Gerber
1Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, D-37075, Göttingen, Germany.
Abstract:
Survivors of bacterial meningitis frequently suffer from long-term sequelae, particularly from learning and memory deficits. For this reason, spatial memory and learning was studied in a mouse model of ceftriaxone-treated Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis. Persistent deficits of spatial learning despite normal motor function were observed in mice infected with 10(4) colony-forming units (CFU) in 25 microl of saline into the right forebrain in comparison to mice treated with an equal amount of saline. Survivors of meningitis performed significantly worse in memorizing a hidden platform in a Morris water maze. After 2 weeks, the difference between post-meningitis and control mice diminished. Yet, when the platform was moved after 180 days, learning of the new location was still strongly impaired in mice surviving meningitis.
Insights
Bacterial meningitis survivors show persistent spatial learning deficits, even long after infection. Impaired memory in a Morris water maze suggests long-term cognitive consequences in these patients.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Infectious Diseases
- Pathology
Background:
- Bacterial meningitis survivors often experience lasting neurological impairments, notably learning and memory deficits.
- Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common cause of bacterial meningitis with significant morbidity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate long-term spatial learning and memory deficits in a mouse model of ceftriaxone-treated Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis.
- To assess the persistence of cognitive impairments following bacterial meningitis.
Main Methods:
- A mouse model was established by introducing Streptococcus pneumoniae into the forebrain.
- Spatial learning and memory were evaluated using the Morris water maze test at different time points post-infection.
- Motor function was assessed to differentiate cognitive deficits from motor impairments.
Main Results:
- Mice surviving meningitis exhibited significant and persistent deficits in spatial learning and memory compared to control groups.
- These deficits were evident even 180 days after the initial infection, particularly when relearning a changed platform location.
- Motor function remained normal, indicating the observed impairments were specific to cognitive processes.
Conclusions:
- Ceftriaxone-treated Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis leads to long-lasting spatial learning and memory deficits in mice.
- These findings highlight the potential for chronic cognitive impairment in bacterial meningitis survivors.
- The Morris water maze is a sensitive tool for detecting persistent spatial memory deficits after meningitis.