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Related Concept Videos

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever01:26

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.
Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...
Yellow Fever01:18

Yellow Fever

Yellow fever is a viral hemorrhagic disease caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV), a member of the Flaviviridae family. It is transmitted primarily by Aedes and Haemagogus mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and South America. After transmission through a mosquito bite, the virus initially replicates in skin-resident immune cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages. These cells then migrate to the lymph nodes, where viral replication increases, eventually leading to...
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Hepatitis

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Cost-effective Method for Microbial Source Tracking Using Specific Human and Animal Viruses
11:29

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Published on: December 3, 2011

Measles virus: an unwanted variant causing hydrocephalus.

M V Haspel, F Rapp

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |February 7, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary

    Experimentally altering measles virus created a temperature-sensitive mutant. This mutant caused hydrocephalus in newborn hamsters, a condition not seen with the original virus strain, highlighting risks of virus variants.

    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Neuroscience
    • Pathogenesis

    Background:

    • Measles virus is a significant human pathogen.
    • Understanding virus-mutant interactions is crucial for disease control.
    • Experimental mutagenesis can alter viral properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the pathogenic potential of measles virus mutants.
    • To determine if mutagenized measles virus can cause novel diseases.
    • To assess the safety of experimentally induced virus variants.

    Main Methods:

    • Measles virus was mutagenized using proflavine.
    • A temperature-sensitive mutant was isolated.
    • Newborn hamsters were intracranially inoculated with the mutant and parental strains.

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    Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

    Cost-effective Method for Microbial Source Tracking Using Specific Human and Animal Viruses
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    Published on: December 3, 2011

    Microwave Assisted Rapid Diagnosis of Plant Virus Diseases by Transmission Electron Microscopy
    09:20

    Microwave Assisted Rapid Diagnosis of Plant Virus Diseases by Transmission Electron Microscopy

    Published on: October 14, 2011

    Mosquito-Associated Virus Isolation from Field-Collected Mosquitoes
    06:41

    Mosquito-Associated Virus Isolation from Field-Collected Mosquitoes

    Published on: August 31, 2022

    Main Results:

    • The temperature-sensitive measles virus mutant induced hydrocephalus in newborn hamsters.
    • The parental measles virus strain did not cause hydrocephalus.
    • Other measles virus mutants also failed to induce hydrocephalus.

    Conclusions:

    • Experimentally derived virus mutants can exhibit novel pathogenicities.
    • Measles virus mutants can cause diseases distinct from the parental strain.
    • Caution is warranted in the use and dissemination of experimentally generated virus variants.