Dissolution Kinetics, Selective Leaching, and Interfacial Reactions of a Bioglass Coating Enriched in Alumina

Bioglass coatings are interesting for developing a direct bond between prostheses and bone. But the high solubility of these materials limits their application. The addition of alumina can be used to control their solubility, but may inhibit the bonding mechanisms. In this paper, we study a bioglass in the SiO(2)-Na(2)O-CaO-P(2)O(5)-K(2)O-Al(2)O(3)-MgO system. After delays of implantation from 2 to 12 months, the bioglass/bone interface is characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy coupled with scanning transmission electron microscopy. Bioglass dissolution can be decomposed into three steps with selective leaching. Results show that, at 2 months after implantation, the bioglass is composed of Al, Si, Ca, and P. Alumina addition increases the coating stability without inhibiting the bonding process. Complex physicochemical reactions take place at the bioglass periphery. The coating bonds to bone through a Ca-P layer on top of a pure Si-rich layer. These phenomena are associated with bioactivity properties, which occur for up to 6 months. After 12 months, the bioglass is composed of silicon. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.