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Updated: May 5, 2026

Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples

Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples

Published on: January 21, 2018

Allergic fungal sinusitis: an immunohistologic analysis.

D A Khan¹, D T Cody, T J George

¹Departments of Otorhinolaryngology, Medicine and Immunology, and Dermatology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester. MN 55905, USA.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

|December 12, 2000

Summary

Eosinophils and neutrophils contribute to allergic fungal sinusitis by releasing toxic proteins into sinus mucin. This study confirms their activation and extracellular presence in affected tissues.

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Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Pathology
Otolaryngology

Background:

Allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) is a distinct clinicopathologic entity.
Dematiaceae fungi are primary causative agents of AFS.
Eosinophils are prominent inflammatory cells in AFS histology.

Purpose of the Study:

Characterize eosinophil involvement in sinus tissue and mucin of AFS patients.
Evaluate neutrophil and mast cell involvement in AFS.
Compare findings with nasal polyp tissues.

Main Methods:

Indirect immunofluorescence staining for eosinophil major basic protein (MBP).
Staining for neutrophil elastase and mast cell tryptase.
Analysis of AFS tissue and nasal polyp specimens.

Main Results:

Extracellular MBP and neutrophil elastase were abundant in AFS mucin.
MBP staining was greater extracellularly than within intact eosinophils.
Nasal polyps showed predominantly cellular MBP staining.

Conclusions:

Extracellular MBP and neutrophil elastase support their role in AFS pathogenesis.
Eosinophil and neutrophil activation is confirmed in allergic fungal sinusitis.
These findings elucidate key inflammatory mechanisms in AFS.