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Innate defences against viraemia.

I P Singh1, S Baron

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.

Reviews in Medical Virology
|December 13, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Human blood plasma contains natural antiviral molecules like University of Texas Inhibitor beta (UTIbeta) glycoprotein and high-density lipoprotein, offering broad-spectrum protection against viruses and potentially preventing viremia.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Human blood plasma exhibits nonspecific antiviral activity attributed to naturally occurring molecules.
  • These molecules' structures and mechanisms remain understudied due to low, nonspecific action, leaving their role in viremia unknown.
  • Recent identification of University of Texas Inhibitor beta (UTIbeta) glycoprotein and high-density lipoprotein as broad-spectrum antiviral agents in human serum.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the properties of innate viral inhibitory molecules found in human serum.
  • To explore the potential role of these molecules in providing defense against viral infections and viremia.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on naturally occurring antiviral agents in human plasma and serum.
  • Analysis of reported antiviral activities and characteristics of identified molecules, including UTIbeta glycoprotein and high-density lipoprotein.

Main Results:

  • Human serum contains naturally occurring, nonspecific, broad-spectrum antiviral agents.
  • University of Texas Inhibitor beta (UTIbeta) glycoprotein demonstrates significant antiviral activity (40 units/mL) against DNA and RNA viruses.
  • High-density lipoprotein is also identified as a broad-spectrum antiviral agent.

Conclusions:

  • Innate antiviral molecules in serum may represent the primary defense against viral infections at their onset.
  • These molecules, particularly UTIbeta glycoprotein and high-density lipoprotein, warrant further investigation for their therapeutic potential against viremia.

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