Soya lecithin effects on the aerobic biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls in an artificially contaminated soil

The effects of the phytogenic surfactant soya lecithin (SL) on the aerobic biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) spiked into a synthetic soil were studied. Soil was spiked with both biphenyl (4 g/kg) and Fenclor 42 (1,000 mg/kg) and treated in aerobic batch slurry-phase microcosms (17.5% w/v). Microcosms were prepared either with or without the exogenous aerobic PCB-dechlorinating bacterial co-culture ECO3 (inoculum:10(8) CFU/mL). In some inoculated microcosms, SL was added at 15 or 30 g/kg. Indigenous bacteria having the capability of metabolizing biphenyl and 2-chlorobenzoic acid were found to develop in the microcosms during the experiment, and were responsible for the significant PCB biodegradation and dechlorination observed in the uninoculated controls. The addition of ECO3 bacteria resulted in only a slight PCB biodegradation increase. In the presence of SL, a higher availability of biphenyl- and chlorobenzoic acid-degrading bacteria and higher PCB biodegradation and dechlorination yields were observed; the effects increased proportionally with the concentration of the applied SL. A significant decrease of soil ecotoxicity was also revealed in SL-supplemented microcosms. At both concentrations, SL was found to be a good carbon source for both the indigenous and ECO3 bacteria, as well as a product capable of enhancing the PCB bioavailability in the microcosms.