Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 10, 2026

Assessment of Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors by an Interrogation of Signal Transduction Pathways by Antibody Arrays
07:42

Assessment of Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors by an Interrogation of Signal Transduction Pathways by Antibody Arrays

Published on: September 19, 2018

The protein tyrosine kinase family of the human genome

D R Robinson1, Y M Wu, S F Lin

  • 1Department of Biological Chemistry, UC Davis School of Medicine, UC Davis Cancer Center, Sacramento, California, CA 95817, USA.

Oncogene
|December 15, 2000
PubMed

Insights

Researchers cataloged human tyrosine kinase genes, identifying 90 unique genes and their mouse counterparts. This comprehensive analysis provides a foundational framework for understanding these critical proteins in human health and disease, particularly cancer.

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The Human Genome Project has provided a vast dataset for biological and medical research.
  • Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are a significant multigene family implicated in various human diseases, notably cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and catalog all human tyrosine kinase coding elements within the completed human genome.
  • To establish a comprehensive and nonredundant inventory of the human tyrosine kinase gene family.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic analysis of the human genome sequence.
  • Identification and classification of tyrosine kinase genes and pseudogenes.
  • Comparative analysis to identify mouse orthologs.

Main Results:

  • A catalog of 90 unique human tyrosine kinase genes and 5 pseudogenes was created.
  • The 90 tyrosine kinases were classified into 58 receptor-type (20 subfamilies) and 32 nonreceptor-type (10 subfamilies).
  • Orthologous genes in mice were identified for most human tyrosine kinases.

Conclusions:

  • The completed human tyrosine kinase family tree offers a crucial framework for future biomedical research.
  • This catalog facilitates deeper understanding of tyrosine kinase roles in human diseases like cancer.
  • The findings pave the way for targeted therapeutic strategies and further biological discoveries.

More Related Videos

Identification of Kinase-substrate Pairs Using High Throughput Screening11:13

Identification of Kinase-substrate Pairs Using High Throughput Screening

Published on: August 29, 2015

Kinase Inhibitor Screening In Self-assembled Human Protein Microarrays13:22

Kinase Inhibitor Screening In Self-assembled Human Protein Microarrays

Published on: October 23, 2019

Related Concept Videos

Receptor Tyrosine Kinases01:26

Receptor Tyrosine Kinases

Receptor tyrosine kinases or RTKs are membrane-bound receptors that phosphorylate specific tyrosine on protein substrates. RTKs regulate cellular growth, differentiation, survival, and migration. They contain an extracellular ligand binding domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytosolic tail with intrinsic kinase activity. Several extracellular signaling molecules activate RTKs in one or more ways and relay the signal downstream. Ligands such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or...
The Ras Gene02:38

The Ras Gene

The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
Ras is a superfamily...
PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a rapamycin-insensitive companion...
MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
Enzyme-linked Receptors01:13

Enzyme-linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are a family of RTKs, including trkA, trkB, and trkC (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptors. TrkA is specific for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-6, and neurotrophin-7. TrkB binds...
Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
Protein kinases
Many proteins in the cell are regulated by phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group. A family of enzymes called kinases...