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Obesity: criteria and classification.

F X Pi-Sunyer1

  • 1Obesity Research Center, St Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10025, USA. fxp1@columbia.edu

The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
|January 11, 2000
PubMed
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Obesity, an excess of body fat, is challenging to measure accurately. Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference are practical indicators of obesity and associated health risks.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Genetics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Obesity is defined as excessive body fat accumulation.
  • Accurate body fat measurement is difficult for routine clinical use.
  • Traditional methods include weight-for-height and Body Mass Index (BMI).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current methods for evaluating obesity and its health risks.
  • To highlight the importance of fat distribution, particularly central obesity.
  • To discuss the genetic predisposition to obesity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of anthropometric measurements (weight-for-height, BMI).
  • Discussion of advanced imaging techniques (MRI, CT) for central obesity assessment.
  • Evaluation of waist circumference as a practical risk indicator.

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Main Results:

  • Normal BMI: 19-24.9 kg/m2; Overweight: 25-29.9 kg/m2; Obesity: >/= 30 kg/m2.
  • Central obesity (android distribution) is strongly linked to health risks.
  • Increased waist circumference (>1020 mm men, >880 mm women) indicates risk for insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
  • Genetic factors contribute 25-40% to BMI differences, involving multiple genes.

Conclusions:

  • BMI and waist circumference are valuable tools for obesity assessment and risk stratification.
  • Central obesity poses significant health risks.
  • Genetics plays a substantial role in obesity, though complex and multifactorial.