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Surgical treatment of coarctation complex in neonates and infants
1Department of Surgery II, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan. yamauchi_hitoshi/surg2@nms.ac.jp
Insights
Two-stage repair using subclavian flap aortoplasty offers a good prognosis for infants with coarctation complex. This method showed a low restenosis rate, but late mortality is linked to pulmonary vascular disease and severe heart anomalies.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Cardiology
- Congenital Heart Surgery
- Thoracic Surgery
Background:
- Surgical treatment for coarctation of the aorta with intracardiac anomalies in neonates and infants remains controversial.
- Debate exists regarding one-stage versus two-stage repair and the choice between subclavian flap aortoplasty and end-to-end anastomosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the experience with two-stage repair utilizing subclavian flap aortoplasty.
- To identify an appropriate surgical procedure for complex coarctation cases.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of 13 patients undergoing subclavian flap aortoplasty between June 1996 and November 1999.
- Patients ranged from 16 to 101 days old (mean 52 days) and weighed 1.9 to 4.5 kg (mean 3.0 kg).
- Diverse intracardiac anomalies were present, including ventricular septal defect, double outlet right ventricle, atrioventricular canal defect, and univentricular hearts.
Main Results:
- One hospital death occurred due to pulmonary hypertension progression.
- The mean follow-up was 28 months, with one reoperation for recurrent coarctation and three for pulmonary artery stenosis.
- Overall mortality was 7.7% (1/13), with 10 patients successfully undergoing definitive repair or palliation.
Conclusions:
- Two-stage repair with subclavian flap aortoplasty demonstrates a good prognosis for complex coarctation in infants, with a low restenosis rate.
- Late mortality is influenced by pulmonary vascular disease and associated severe cardiac anomalies.
- One-stage repair may be preferable if feasible, considering pulmonary vascular disease progression and potential pulmonary artery distortion from banding.
Background:
There remains controversy regarding the appropriate surgical treatment of coarctation of the aorta associated with intracardiac anomalies in neonates and infants. Furthermore, the relative benefits of one versus two-stage repair, and subclavian flap aortoplasty versus end-to-end anastomosis for some of these lesions, remain controversial. The purpose of this paper is to review our experience with two-stage repair using subclavian flap aortoplasty and to seek an appropriate procedure.
Methods And Result:
From June 1996 to November 1999, thirteen patients underwent subclavian flap aortoplasty in our department. The age range was 16 to 101 days (mean 52 days), and the body weight range was 1.9 to 4.5 kg (mean 3.0 kg). Anatomic diagnosis was coarctation with ventricular septal defect (six patients), double outlet right ventricle (two patients), atrioventricular canal defect (one patient), tricuspid atresia (two patients), mitral atresia (one patient), and single atrium and subaortic stenosis (one patient). There was one hospital death in our series due to the progression of pulmonary hypertension 3 months after the operation. The mean follow up for remaining twelve patients was 28 months (range 7 approximately 48 months). There was one reoperation for recurrent coarctation. Three patients underwent pulmonary artery plasty in a second operation because of right pulmonary artery stenosis. We performed the definitive operation for six patients with coarctation with ventricular septal defect and two patients with double outlet right ventricle, and we performed a bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt for four univentricular hearts who are candidates for the Fontan operation. Two patients required Damus-Kaye-Stansel procedure to release restrictive bulboventricular foramen. Three patients underwent a modified Fontan operation after these palliations. In our series, the intraoperative mortality rate for subclavian flap aortoplasty was 0% and the post operative mortality rate was 7.7% (1/13). Ten patients underwent the final operation successfully, and further two patients are considered good candidates for the final operation. The overall mortality was 7.7% (1/13).
Conclusion:
Two-stage repair appears to offer a good prognosis for neonates and infants with a coarctation complex. Subclavian flap aortoplasty showed the lowest rate of restenosis. However, late mortality may be associated with the progression of pulmonary vascular disease and the presence of associated severe cardiac anomalies. Although Fontan candidates need staged operations, if biventricular repair is feasible, one-stage repair would be a reasonable procedure considering the progression of the pulmonary vascular disease and the distortion of the pulmonary artery due to pulmonary artery banding. It would appear to improve the quality of life of those children if a one-stage operation can be performed with reasonable risk and good midterm outcome.