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Related Experiment Videos

When knowing becomes remembering: individual differences in susceptibility to suggestion.

J R Paddock1, S Terranova, R Kwok

  • 1Kennesaw State University, USA. jpaddoc@emory.edu

The Journal of Genetic Psychology
|December 16, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Guided visualization enhances memory recall by making known memories feel more remembered. Individual factors like extraversion and memory emotion also influence this "know-to-remember" shift.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Memory Studies

Background:

  • Source-monitoring errors occur when individuals misattribute the origin of memories.
  • Autobiographical memory retrieval is susceptible to distortions and confabulation.
  • Understanding factors influencing memory accuracy is crucial for various applications, including psychotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate factors influencing source-monitoring errors in autobiographical memory.
  • To examine the effect of guided visualization on the 'know-to-remember' phenomenon.
  • To identify individual difference variables associated with shifts in memory certainty.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Undergraduates recalled childhood memories (known but not remembered, remembered, or source-uncertain). Experimental groups received guided visualization; control groups performed a visual search task.

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  • Experiment 2: Assessed individual difference variables (e.g., extraversion, locus of control) in relation to the 'know-to-remember' shift.
  • Utilized guided visualization and detailed questioning to enhance memory focus.

    • Main Results:

    • Guided visualization significantly increased the perceived rememberedness of 'known' memories.
    • Individual difference variables such as extraversion, external locus of control, memory fear content, and overall affect predicted the 'know-to-remember' shift.
    • Specific memory characteristics (fear, affect) influenced the degree of certainty shift.

    Conclusions:

    • Guided visualization can alter the subjective experience of memory, potentially blurring the lines between knowing and remembering.
    • Personality traits and memory content play a significant role in the malleability of autobiographical memory certainty.
    • Findings have implications for understanding memory distortions in therapeutic contexts and for memory recovery techniques.