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Updated: Aug 12, 2026

Assessment of Neuromuscular Function Using Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation
Published on: September 13, 2015
Rate of force development and the lateralized readiness potential
W J Ray1, S Slobounov, J T Mordkoff
1Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA. wjr@psu.edu
Abstract:
We examined the relationship between force and rate of force development aspects of movement dynamics and electroencephalogram motor components as reflected in the lateralized readiness potential (LRP). Using self-paced tasks, in Studies 1 and 3 we investigated whether differential speed and accuracy constraints in discrete and repetitive finger force production tasks influenced the LRP. These studies showed that speed tasks produced larger LRP than accuracy tasks regardless of whether the movement type was discrete or repetitive. In Studies 2 and 4 we studied four conditions with two levels of force and two levels of rate of force development. The largest LRPs were found with the greatest rate of force development. Overall, the four studies demonstrated that preparation for differential rates of force development is a major component reflected in the LRP.
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