Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 30, 2026
06:55
Kinematic History of a Salient-recess Junction Explored through a Combined Approach of Field Data and Analog Sandbox Modeling
Published on: August 5, 2016
7.3K
Triggering of earthquake aftershocks by dynamic stresses
1Center for Earthquake Research and Information, The University of Memphis, Tennessee 38152, USA.
Nature
|December 16, 2000
Summary
Transient seismic waves, or dynamic stresses, can trigger earthquakes nearby by altering fault properties. This contrasts with static stress changes, which have a less direct impact on earthquake triggering patterns.
Area of Science:
- Earth Sciences
- Seismology
- Geophysics
Background:
- Earthquake triggering is often attributed to static stress changes from fault displacement.
- Previous studies focused on static stress changes and their impact on nearby fault activity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the influence of static and dynamic stress changes on earthquake aftershock patterns.
- To investigate the role of seismic wave propagation in earthquake triggering.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of the aftershock pattern following the moment magnitude (Mw) 7.3 Landers earthquake.
- Comparison of observed aftershock distribution with calculated static and dynamic stress changes.
Main Results:
- Dynamic stress patterns, influenced by rupture propagation, showed asymmetries similar to the aftershock distribution.
- Static stress changes did not exhibit the same asymmetry as the aftershock pattern.
- Evidence suggests dynamic stresses can trigger earthquakes in both near and remote locations.
Conclusions:
- Dynamic stresses, not just static ones, play a significant role in triggering earthquakes, even in close proximity.
- The findings highlight the importance of considering seismic wave effects in earthquake forecasting and hazard assessment.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:10Residual Stresses in Circular Shafts
680
In materials that exhibit elastic and plastic behavior, known as elastoplastic materials, residual stresses can accumulate when these materials experience plastic deformation. This deformation arises from either high levels of shearing stress or significant strains. Residual stresses are internal stresses that persist within a material after removing the external force causing deformation. This phenomenon is demonstrated when observing the behavior of a shaft under torque; notably, the...
680
01:23Stresses under Combined Loadings
604
When analyzing a bent tube with a circular cross-section subjected to multiple forces, it is crucial to determine the stress distribution in order to maintain structural integrity under varied load conditions.
The process begins by slicing the tube at critical points and analyzing the internal forces and stress components at these sections, focusing on the centroid. Normal stresses, generated by axial forces and bending moments, are either compressive or tensile and vary across the section from...
The process begins by slicing the tube at critical points and analyzing the internal forces and stress components at these sections, focusing on the centroid. Normal stresses, generated by axial forces and bending moments, are either compressive or tensile and vary across the section from...
604
01:22Elastic Strain Energy for Normal Stresses
726
Strain energy quantifies the energy stored within a material due to deformation under loading conditions, a fundamental concept in materials science and engineering. The strain energy can be modeled when a material is subjected to axial loading with uniformly distributed stress. In this scenario, the stress experienced by the material is the internal force divided by the cross-sectional area, and the strain induced is directly proportional to this stress through the modulus of elasticity.
If...
If...
726
01:20Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses
668
As discussed in previous lessons, strain energy in a material is the energy stored when it is elastically deformed, a concept crucial in materials science and mechanical engineering. This energy results from the internal work done against the cohesive forces within the material. When a material undergoes shearing stress and corresponding shearing strain, the strain energy density, which is the energy stored per unit volume, is calculated. Within the elastic limit, where the stress is...
668
01:20Microcracking in Concrete
614
Microcracking in concrete refers to the tiny cracks that can form within the material even before any external load is applied. These microcracks typically occur at the interface between the coarse aggregate and the hydrated cement paste, often as a result of differential volume changes prompted by variations in stress-strain behavior, as well as thermal and moisture movement. Initially, these microcracks remain stable and do not grow substantially until the concrete is stressed to about 30...
614
01:16Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete
1.3K
The dynamic modulus of elasticity assesses how a concrete structure deforms under impact or dynamic loads. It is typically higher than the static modulus of elasticity, measured under slow, steady loading conditions.
The sonic test is a common method to determine the dynamic modulus. In this test, a concrete beam, sized either 6 x 6 x 30 inches or 4 x 4 x 20 inches, is clamped at its center. Vibrations are initiated at one end of the beam by an electromagnetic exciter unit powered by a...
The sonic test is a common method to determine the dynamic modulus. In this test, a concrete beam, sized either 6 x 6 x 30 inches or 4 x 4 x 20 inches, is clamped at its center. Vibrations are initiated at one end of the beam by an electromagnetic exciter unit powered by a...
1.3K