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Herpes simplex encephalitis: involvement of apolipoprotein E genotype.

W R Lin1, M A Wozniak, M M Esiri

  • 1Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Optometry and Neuroscience, UMIST, Manchester M60 1QD, UK.

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
|December 16, 2000
PubMed
Summary

The apolipoprotein E (apoE) epsilon2 allele is a significant risk factor for herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), a disorder caused by the herpes simplex type 1 virus (HSV1). This finding suggests a genetic link to HSV1 susceptibility.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurovirology
  • Human Genetics
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Herpes simplex type 1 virus (HSV1) is linked to neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease in individuals with the apolipoprotein E (apoE) epsilon4 allele.
  • The role of specific apoE alleles in susceptibility to other HSV1-induced conditions, such as herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between apolipoprotein E (apoE) alleles and susceptibility to herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE).

Main Methods:

  • DNA analysis of apoE genotype from brain/spleen specimens of 14 HSE patients and CSF of 7 HSV1-positive patients.
  • Comparison of apoE allele frequencies in HSE patients with those of 238 normal UK individuals.
  • Genotyping performed using seminested PCR and one-step PCR followed by restriction endonuclease digestion.

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Main Results:

  • The apoE epsilon2 allele frequency was significantly higher in HSE patients (26%) compared to normal subjects (7%).
  • The odds ratio for HSE associated with the apoE epsilon2 allele was 4.6 (95% CI: 2.0-10.8).
  • No significant differences in apoE epsilon3 or epsilon4 allele frequencies were observed between HSE patients and controls.

Conclusions:

  • The apoE epsilon2 allele appears to be a significant risk factor for developing herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE).
  • This suggests a specific genetic predisposition to HSE in individuals carrying the apoE epsilon2 allele.