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Related Experiment Videos

Invasive pneumococcal disease in England and Wales: vaccination implications.

K Sleeman1, K Knox, R George

  • 1Oxford Vaccine Group, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|December 20, 2000
PubMed
Summary

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Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) surveillance in England and Wales reveals high attack rates in infants and older adults. The 7-valent vaccine covers less IPD in older adults, highlighting the need for ongoing epidemiological study.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Vaccinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) surveillance is crucial for effective pneumococcal vaccine strategies.
  • Understanding IPD epidemiology informs public health interventions and vaccine development.
  • Previous studies highlight the need for detailed epidemiological data to guide vaccination policies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in England and Wales.
  • To assess the attack rates of IPD across different age groups.
  • To evaluate the coverage of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against prevalent serotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a large UK-based surveillance dataset (1995-1997) of 11,528 IPD cases.

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  • Inclusion of local enhanced surveillance data from the Oxford area (1995-1999).
  • Calculation of IPD attack rates per 100,000 individuals for specific age demographics.

    • Main Results:

    • High IPD attack rates were observed in infants (<1 year) and older adults (>65 years).
    • The 7-valent conjugate vaccine covers a lower percentage of IPD serotypes in adults (>65 years) compared to children (<5 years).
    • Significant variation in IPD incidence was noted by serotype, age, and geographical location.

    Conclusions:

    • Invasive pneumococcal disease epidemiology is heterogeneous, varying by serotype, age, and country.
    • The current 7-valent vaccine's efficacy differs across age groups, particularly in older adults.
    • Continued epidemiological surveillance is essential for optimizing pneumococcal vaccine use and development.