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The low-density lipoprotein receptor family: genetics, function, and evolution.
W J Schneider1, J Nimpf, C Brandes
1Department of Molecular Genetics, University and Biocenter Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/2, A-1030 Vienna, AUSTRIA.
Current Atherosclerosis Reports
|December 21, 2000
Summary
The low-density lipoprotein receptor supergene family is expanding into new physiological roles. New members interact with diverse molecules and signaling pathways, broadening their functions beyond lipid metabolism.
Area of Science:
- Molecular biology
- Genetics
- Biochemistry
Background:
- The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) supergene family plays a crucial role in lipoprotein metabolism.
- Recent advancements in molecular biology reveal a rapid expansion of this gene family.
- New LDLR family members are implicated in diverse physiological and developmental processes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the expanding functional spectrum of the LDLR supergene family.
- To explore the molecular mechanisms driving this functional diversification.
- To discuss the evolutionary history of the LDLR gene family.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent studies on LDLR family members.
- Analysis of protein-ligand interactions involving LDLR extracellular domains.
- Investigation of cytoplasmic tail interactions with signaling pathway components.
Main Results:
- The LDLR supergene family has expanded significantly beyond its role in lipoprotein metabolism.
- Functional diversification is driven by interactions with non-apolipoprotein ligands via extracellular domains.
- Cytoplasmic tails of LDLR family members interact with adaptor proteins in signaling pathways.
Conclusions:
- The LDLR supergene family exhibits a broadened functional repertoire due to novel molecular interactions.
- Understanding evolutionary events, both divergent and convergent, is key to delineating the family's history.
- This expansion highlights the versatility of LDLRs in diverse biological contexts.