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Genetic polymorphism and cancer risk.

M L Clapper1

  • 1Fox Chase Cancer Center, 7701 Burholme Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA. ml_clapper@fccc.edu

Current Oncology Reports
|December 21, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Genetic variations in detoxification enzymes influence cancer susceptibility. Understanding these genetic polymorphisms and their environmental modifiers is key to assessing cancer risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Inter-individual differences in carcinogen metabolism are partly due to variations in detoxification enzyme expression.
  • Genetic polymorphisms in key enzymes like cytochrome P450 (CYP), N-acetyltransferase (NAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) are studied for their role in cancer risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of genetic polymorphisms in phase I and II detoxification enzymes in cancer susceptibility.
  • To highlight advancements in understanding genotype-phenotype correlations and risk-modifying factors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on genetic polymorphisms in detoxification enzymes.
  • Analysis of genotype-phenotype correlations in human studies.
  • Identification of genetic and environmental factors influencing cancer risk.

Main Results:

  • Polymorphisms in CYP1A1, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, NAT1, NAT2, GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, microsomal epoxide hydrolase, and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase have been extensively evaluated for their association with cancer susceptibility.
  • Establishment of genotype-phenotype correlations has improved understanding of genetic contributions to cancer risk.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic polymorphisms in detoxification enzymes play a significant role in cancer susceptibility.
  • Both genetic and environmental factors interact to modify an individual's cancer risk, emphasizing the complexity of cancer etiology.

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