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Amino acid osmolytes in regulatory volume decrease and isovolumetric regulation in brain cells: contribution and

H Pasantes-Morales1, R Franco, M E Torres-Marquez

  • 1Institute of Cell Physiology and Faculty of Medicine, National University of Mexico, CINVESTAV, IPN,Mexico City, Mexico. hpasante@ifcun1.ifisiol.unam.mx

Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry : International Journal of Experimental Cellular Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology
|December 23, 2000
PubMed
Summary

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Brain cells adapt to low salt by releasing amino acids and other organic osmolytes. This review explores amino acid roles in regulatory volume decrease (RVD) and isovolumetric regulation (IVR).

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Brain cells regulate volume by losing electrolytes and organic osmolytes, such as amino acids.
  • Organic osmolytes constitute approximately 35% of solute loss in the brain during hyposmotic stress.
  • Cell volume regulation is crucial for maintaining brain function under varying osmotic conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of amino acids in brain cell volume regulation during hyposmotic stress.
  • To examine amino acid efflux pathways during regulatory volume decrease (RVD) and isovolumetric regulation (IVR).
  • To discuss potential molecular candidates and triggers for osmosensitive amino acid transport.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on studies of brain adaptation to hyposmolarity.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of amino acid efflux mechanisms during RVD and IVR.
  • Discussion of signaling pathways, including tyrosine protein kinases, involved in amino acid transport.

    • Main Results:

    • Amino acid efflux during RVD is passive and shares similarities with volume-activated anion pathways.
    • During IVR, amino acids like taurine are released with a lower efflux threshold than potassium ions.
    • Amino acid efflux also occurs during isosmotic swelling, complicating pathway characterization due to concurrent neuroactive roles.

    Conclusions:

    • Amino acids play a significant role in brain cell volume regulation, particularly in physiopathological osmotic ranges.
    • The molecular identity and activation triggers of osmosensitive amino acid pathways require further investigation.
    • Understanding these pathways is critical for comprehending brain responses to osmotic challenges like ischemia and trauma.