Acute and long-term effects of AIDS and injection drug use on gonadal function

Hypogonadism has been observed in both the HIV-infected population and injection drug users (IDUs). Considering these populations in conjunction is essential because IDUs and HIV often occur in the same individual. Additionally, although the etiology of hypogonadism may be different in each population, its treatment with respect to the underlying condition is similar. The philosophy of both AIDS and IDU treatment has changed drastically in recent years, due to several factors. Survival rates of HIV patients have been steadily increasing, forcing a closer examination of the long-term effects of AIDS-related symptoms, and the quality of life issues associated therewith. In comparison, IDU is now viewed as a chronic addiction like that for alcoholism, which must be treated, rather than an untreatable personal problem. Therefore, it is logical that the endocrine and metabolic changes associated with both HIV and IDU should be examined to help alleviate these symptoms in a continuing effort to treat the underlying condition.