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Microchip devices for high-efficiency separations.

C T Culbertson1, S C Jacobson, J M Ramsey

  • 1Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee 37831-6142, USA.

Analytical Chemistry
|January 11, 2000
PubMed
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This study presents a novel spiral microchip for high-efficiency electrophoresis, achieving over 1,000,000 theoretical plates for dichlorofluoroscein (DCF) separation in under 46 seconds. This compact device demonstrates excellent analyte dispersion control, enabling rapid and effective separations.

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Microfluidics
  • Separation Science

Background:

  • Microchip electrophoresis offers miniaturized and rapid separation capabilities.
  • Achieving high separation efficiency in compact devices remains a challenge.
  • Spiral channel designs can potentially improve separation performance by managing analyte dispersion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate and evaluate a novel spiral-shaped microchip for high-efficiency electrophoretic separations.
  • To assess the separation performance, including theoretical plates and separation time, of the spiral microchip.
  • To investigate the impact of channel geometry on analyte dispersion and separation efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a 25-cm-long spiral separation channel on a 5 cm x 5 cm glass microchip.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Electrophoretic separation of dichlorofluoroscein (DCF) at various applied voltages.
  • Micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) separation of 19 tetramethylrhodamine-labeled amino acids.
  • Analysis of separation efficiency, plate number, and resolution.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved over 1,000,000 theoretical plates for DCF separation in under 46 seconds.
    • Theoretical plate number increased linearly with applied voltage, reaching ~21,000 plates/s at 1,170 V/cm.
    • Effective diffusion coefficient of DCF was comparable to straight channels, indicating minimal geometric dispersion.
    • Separated 19 amino acids using MEKC in 165 seconds with a minimum resolution of 1.2.

    Conclusions:

    • The spiral microchip design enables highly efficient and rapid electrophoretic separations.
    • Large radii of curvature in the spiral channel effectively minimize analyte dispersion.
    • This technology holds promise for high-throughput analysis in microfluidic devices.