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The HIC signalling pathway links CO2 perception to stomatal development.

J E Gray¹, G H Holroyd, F M van der Lee

¹Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, UK.

|December 29, 2000

Summary

Scientists identified the Arabidopsis HIC gene, a key regulator of stomatal development. This discovery explains how plants adjust stomatal density in response to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.

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Area of Science:

Plant Biology
Environmental Science
Genetics

Background:

Stomatal pores regulate CO2 uptake and water loss, crucial for plant survival and photosynthesis.
Plant stomatal density has decreased with rising atmospheric CO2 since the industrial revolution, indicating a response to anthropogenic climate change.
Fossil records show an inverse correlation between stomatal density and CO2 over 400 million years, offering insights into past climate and extinction events.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify the gene responsible for regulating stomatal development in response to elevated carbon dioxide levels.
To elucidate the molecular mechanism by which plants sense and respond to changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration.

Main Methods:

Genetic analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants exhibiting altered stomatal development.
Identification and characterization of the HIC gene and its encoded protein.
Phenotypic analysis of mutant plants under varying CO2 concentrations.

Main Results:

The Arabidopsis HIC (high carbon dioxide) gene was identified as a negative regulator of stomatal development.
HIC encodes a putative 3-keto acyl coenzyme A synthase, involved in fatty acid synthesis.
Mutant hic plants showed a significant increase (up to 42%) in stomatal density under doubled CO2 conditions.

Conclusions:

The HIC gene plays a critical role in the plant's signal transduction pathway for controlling stomatal numbers at elevated CO2.
This finding provides a molecular basis for understanding plant adaptation to changing atmospheric CO2 concentrations.
The study links plant physiological responses to climate change with specific genetic mechanisms.