Topically acquired bacterial zoonoses from fish: a review

Area of Science:

• Marine microbiology
• Public health
• Aquatic veterinary medicine

Background:

• Fish and aquatic environments harbor various pathogens transmissible to humans.
• Topical infections from fish commonly involve Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Mycobacterium marinum, Streptococcus iniae, Vibrio vulnificus, and Vibrio damsela.
• Streptococcus iniae is a growing public health concern in aquaculture, while Mycobacterium marinum frequently affects aquarium enthusiasts.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the spectrum of fish-borne pathogens acquired topically.
• To inform medical practitioners about the increasing incidence of these infections in Australia.
• To emphasize the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges posed by emerging antibiotic resistance.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of fish-borne pathogens and their transmission routes.
• Analysis of public health trends related to aquaculture and recreational fishing.
• Discussion of diagnostic difficulties and treatment considerations for fish-related infections.

Main Results:

• Identified key bacterial pathogens acquired through fish-related injuries (spine puncture, wounds).
• Noted the emergence of Streptococcus iniae as a significant aquaculture-related hazard.
• Highlighted Mycobacterium marinum as a common pathogen among home aquarium hobbyists.
• Acknowledged the increasing prevalence of these infections in Australia due to expanded aquaculture and fishing.

Conclusions:

• Medical practitioners must be prepared for an increase in fish-associated topical infections.
• Challenges in diagnosis and treatment are exacerbated by the rise of antibiotic resistance in fish pathogens.
• Awareness and appropriate management strategies are essential for public health in regions with active aquaculture and recreational fishing.