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Synkinetic blepharoclonus.

D E Jacome1

  • 1Franklin Medical Center, Greenfield, Massachusetts, USA.

Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology : the Official Journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society
|December 29, 2000
PubMed
Summary
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Eyelid-closure blepharoclonus (BLC) is a rare, often benign, eyelid movement disorder. It can be sporadic or familial and may present with tremors, myoclonus, and synkinesis, with gaze-induced BLC being clinically significant.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Movement Disorders

Background:

  • Eyelid-closure blepharoclonus (BLC) is an underrecognized condition.
  • Its association with various neurological signs and symptoms requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze clinical data and test results of patients with eyelid-closure blepharoclonus.
  • To identify potential triggers and associated conditions of BLC.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 35 patients referred for neurologic evaluation.
  • Clinical electrophysiologic evaluations, cranial nerve testing, electromyograms, and neuroimaging (MRI, CT).
  • Electroencephalograms (EEGs) and additional tests based on symptoms.

Main Results:

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  • Eight patients exhibited reflex BLC, triggered by gaze, speech, postural changes, or light.
  • Associated findings included generalized myoclonus, sleep myoclonus, facial myoclonus, and cranial synkinesis in several patients.
  • Familial BLC, congenital disorders, tremors, and restless feet were noted in some individuals; peripheral neuropathy was evident in eight patients.

Conclusions:

  • Eyelid-closure BLC is a mostly benign, chronic eyelid movement disorder, potentially sporadic or familial.
  • It may be associated with tremors, myoclonus, cranial synkinesis, and restless feet.
  • Gaze-induced BLC has clinical relevance; BLC-associated epilepsy was ruled out by normal EEGs.