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Detection methods for human enteric viruses in representative foods.

P R Leggitt1, L A Jaykus

  • 1Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7624, USA.

Journal of Food Protection
|January 11, 2000
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new method to detect human enteric viruses in foods like lettuce and hamburger. The technique uses an elution-concentration approach followed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for reliable viral detection.

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Area of Science:

  • Food safety
  • Virology
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Viral foodborne diseases pose a significant public health risk.
  • Current food testing for viruses is limited, primarily focusing on shellfish.
  • A need exists for sensitive methods to detect viruses in diverse food matrices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a method for extracting and detecting human enteric viruses in non-shellfish food commodities.
  • To assess the efficiency and sensitivity of the developed method for common foodborne viruses.

Main Methods:

  • An elution-concentration technique involving homogenization, filtration, Freon extraction (for hamburger), and sequential polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation was employed.
  • Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used for viral RNA detection.

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  • Mammalian cell culture infectivity assays and Southern hybridization were used for virus recovery and amplicon confirmation.

    • Main Results:

    • The method achieved a 10- to 20-fold sample volume reduction, concentrating samples from 50g to 3-5ml.
    • Virus recoveries ranged from 10-70% for poliovirus type 1 (PV1) and 2-4% for hepatitis A virus (HAV).
    • Detection limits were established at > or =10^2 PFU/50g for PV1, > or =10^3 PFU/50g for HAV, and > or =1.5 X 10^3 PCR-amplifiable units/50g for Norwalk virus.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed method enables the detection of human enteric viruses in lettuce and hamburger samples.
    • This technique represents a significant advancement for viral contamination testing in a broader range of food products beyond shellfish.
    • Further development of this method can enhance food safety surveillance and public health protection against viral foodborne illnesses.