Immunization (EPI) in Ethiopia: acceptance, coverage, and sustainability

Ethiopia has been engaged in expanding immunization services against the six childhood diseases since 1980. According to plans set at the beginning of the program, the country should have achieved universal child immunization by now. However, the child immunization coverage has never reached the level that is desired to curtail disease transmission and to reduce the morbidity burden associated with the target diseases. This study used the potential of social science research methods in understanding social, cultural, political and economic factors that influence the efficiency and effectiveness of immunization programs in the Ethiopian context. A better understanding of these factors is believed to improve the quality and sustainability of immunization programs. This research focused on relevant issues at micro- and macro-levels. The study basically utilized qualitative research methods involving multiple data collection tools and information sources. Factors related to acceptors, immunization service providers and organization of health services that influence the successful implementation and sustainability of the immunization program in the Ethiopian context are identified and discussed. Strengthening efforts to improve technical capacity of service providers, increasing social mobilization activities, instituting quality assurance schemes and improving management of resources (human, finance and material) are among the major recommendations.