Two-component system that regulates methanol and formaldehyde oxidation in Paracoccus denitrificans
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Updated: Oct 10, 2026

Methanol Independent Expression by Pichia Pastoris Employing De-repression Technologies
Published on: January 23, 2019
N Harms1, W N Reijnders, S Koning
1Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands. harms@bio.vu.nl
Abstract:
A chromosomal region encoding a two-component regulatory system, FlhRS, has been isolated from Paracoccus denitrificans. FlhRS-deficient mutants were unable to grow on methanol, methylamine, or choline as the carbon and energy source. Expression of the gene encoding glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (fhlA) was undetectable in the mutant, and expression of the S-formylglutathione hydrolase gene (fghA) was reduced in the mutant background. In addition, methanol dehydrogenase was immunologically undetectable in cell extracts of FhlRS mutants. These results indicate that the FlhRS sensor-regulator pair is involved in the regulation of formaldehyde, methanol, and methylamine oxidation. The effect that the FlhRS proteins exert on the regulation of C(1) metabolism might be essential to maintain the internal concentration of formaldehyde below toxic levels.
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