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Related Experiment Videos

Fatty acid synthesis by human adipose tissue.

M S Patel, O E Owen, L I Goldman

    Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental
    |February 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary

    Human adipose tissue has a very limited capacity for synthesizing fatty acids from dietary carbohydrates. The liver, not fat tissue, is the primary site for endogenous fatty acid biosynthesis from carbohydrates in humans.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Human Physiology
    • Metabolism

    Background:

    • Human adipose tissue's role in fatty acid synthesis is crucial for energy homeostasis.
    • Understanding substrate utilization by adipose tissue is key to metabolic research.
    • Investigating the impact of age and nutritional status on lipogenesis provides insights into metabolic health.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effect of age and nutritional status on fatty acid synthesis in human adipose tissue in vitro.
    • To determine the capacity of human adipose tissue to synthesize fatty acids from various labeled substrates.
    • To elucidate the primary site of endogenous fatty acid biosynthesis from dietary carbohydrates in humans.

    Main Methods:

    • In vitro incubation of human adipose tissue with labeled substrates (e.g., glucose, acetate, pyruvate).
    • Measurement of fatty acid synthesis and oxidation rates.
    • Assay of key lipogenic enzyme activities (e.g., pyruvate carboxylase, ATP-citrate lyase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase).

    Main Results:

    • Human adipose tissue demonstrates negligible incorporation of glucose-carbon into long-chain fatty acids.
    • Acetate utilization for fatty acid synthesis is substantial with glucose and insulin but its physiological significance is questionable.
    • Activities of key lipogenic enzymes are low in human adipose tissue and can be stimulated after fasting-refeeding.
    • Pyruvate incorporation into fatty acids is negligible, and glyceroneogenesis is unlikely to play a significant role.

    Conclusions:

    • Human adipose tissue has an extremely low capacity for utilizing dietary carbohydrates for fatty acid synthesis.
    • The liver plays a major role in the biosynthesis of endogenous fatty acids from dietary carbohydrates in humans.
    • Age and nutritional status may influence, but do not overcome, the limited capacity of adipose tissue for de novo lipogenesis from carbohydrates.

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