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Using the implicit association test to measure self-esteem and self-concept.

A G Greenwald1, S D Farnham

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-1525, USA. agg@u.washington.edu

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|January 4, 2001
PubMed
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The Implicit Association Test (IAT) offers a distinct measure of self-esteem compared to self-report methods. IAT measures also show greater gender differences and predict reactions to failure.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Self-esteem is traditionally measured using explicit self-report scales.
  • Implicit measures, like the Implicit Association Test (IAT), assess automatic associations.
  • The construct validity of implicit measures of self-esteem and gender self-concept requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the Implicit Association Test (IAT) as a measure of self-esteem.
  • To compare implicit self-esteem measures with explicit self-report measures.
  • To assess the validity of IAT measures in predicting responses to success and failure.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Implicit Association Test (IAT) to measure self-esteem; Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to compare with explicit measures.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Experiment 2: IAT for gender self-concept; comparison with explicit measures for known-groups validity.
  • Experiment 3: Assessed IAT self-esteem validity in predicting cognitive reactions to success and failure.

    • Main Results:

    • Two IAT self-esteem measures formed a factor distinct from explicit self-esteem measures.
    • IAT gender self-concept measures revealed significantly larger gender differences than explicit measures.
    • High implicit self-esteem buffered against negative effects of failure on some cognitive measures.

    Conclusions:

    • Implicit and explicit measures of self-esteem capture distinct constructs.
    • IAT measures demonstrate unique validity in assessing gender self-concept and predicting reactions to achievement-related feedback.
    • The IAT provides valuable insights into automatic self-perceptions beyond traditional self-report methods.