Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade by propranolol enhances retention in a multitrial passive-avoidance procedure

The effect of beta-adrenergic receptor blockade on retention in a mildly aversive passive-avoidance procedure was investigated. Rats were given passive-avoidance training--1 trial per day for 4 days-and were administered saline, the centrally and peripherally acting beta-adrenergic blocker propranolol (4 or 10 mg/kg ip), or the peripherally acting beta-adrenergic blocker sotalol (4 or 10 mg/kg ip) immediately or 2 hr after the 1st trial. Enhanced retention occurred only with the higher dose (10 mg/kg) of propranolol and only when it was administered immediately after training. The enhanced retention produced by propranolol is discussed in terms of opposing, regionally specific actions of beta-adrenergic receptor-mediated neural circuits on modulation of memory.