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Dengue situation in Brazil by year 2000
1Departamento de Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. hermann@ioc.fiocruz.br
Memorias Do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
|January 6, 2001
Summary
Dengue virus types 1 and 2 have returned to Brazil, leading to endemic spread due to weakened mosquito control. A tetravalent vaccine is crucial for future dengue control alongside rapid diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Dengue virus types 1 and 2 re-emerged in Brazil in 1986 and 1990 after decades-long absence.
- Weakened Aedes aegypti vector control programs in the Americas led to dengue virus reintroduction and endemicity.
- High urban population density and poor housing facilitate vector proliferation and disease spread.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the re-emergence and endemicity of dengue virus in Brazil.
- To emphasize the risk posed by the circulation of multiple dengue serotypes.
- To underscore the need for effective dengue control strategies.
Main Methods:
- Isolation and identification of dengue virus serotypes.
- Analysis of historical vector control program effectiveness.
- Assessment of epidemiological factors contributing to dengue spread.
Main Results:
- Dengue virus types 1 and 2 were confirmed in Brazil.
- The decline of vector control programs correlated with dengue endemicity.
- All four dengue serotypes are circulating in the Americas, posing a risk to Brazil.
Conclusions:
- Brazil faces a high risk of large dengue epidemics, including severe forms like dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome, due to multiple circulating serotypes.
- A tetravalent dengue vaccine is proposed as the most viable future control strategy.
- Rapid clinical and laboratory diagnosis are essential for managing severe dengue cases.