[Unifocal eosinophilic granuloma of the temporal bone (Langerhans cell histiocytosis]

Eosinophilic granuloma is one of the diseases of unknown etiology traditionally known as histiocytosis X and now called histiocytosis of the Langerhans cells since it has been found to originate by proliferation of this cell line. We report a clinical case of unifocal eosinophilic granuloma of the temporal bone in an adult. We reviewed the literature on the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and assessment of these patients. The importance of making a thorough analysis of all the anatomical structures in imaging is emphasized as a way of making a precise early diagnosis. The treatment of choice is surgical removal of the tumor. Irradiation is used for inaccessible or incompletely resected lesions. The prognosis of unifocal eosinophilic granuloma is very good, with successful disease control being achieved in 95% of cases.