Pancreaticoduodenal necrosis due to caustic burns

Fourteen patients with caustic necrosis of the digestive tract extending beyond the pylorus were included in a multicenter retrospective study to define a surgical strategy. Twelve patients underwent esophagogastrectomy. Two patients had total gastrectomy without esophagectomy. In addition, all patients underwent duodenal stripping (n = 7) or pancreaticoduodenectomy (n = 7). Immediate biliopancreatic reconnection was performed in ten patients. Four patients had biliary diversion and/or pancreatic duct ligation.

Seven in-hospital deaths occurred after a mean delay of 27 days (range 16-45 days). There were two late deaths occurring 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Morbidity was noted in 86% of survivors. Acute or chronic airway tract injuries were incurred by 57% of patients. Among the five long-term survivors two were able to feed orally and had preserved voice function. One long-term survivor could resume oral feeding only, another was considered psychologically unfit for digestive reconstruction but had normal voice function and the last patient was deprived of oral feeding and phonation.

Early radical debridement is capable of saving patients with gastrointestinal necrosis extending beyond the pylorus. Necrosis of the duodenum can be managed by pancreaticoduodenectomy or by duodenal stripping, with similar results. Immediate reconnection of the bile and pancreatic ducts to a small bowel Roux-en-Y loop appears preferable to biliary diversion and pancreatic duct ligation. Normal oral feeding and the preservation of voice function can sometimes be achieved but depends on late scarring of the airway-alimentary tract junction. Quality of life is often compromised by prolonged hospital stays, staged surgical procedures and the handicap of a feeding jejunostomy and tracheal tube.