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Early neonatal mortality at Songklanagarind Hospital from 1987 to 1997
P Chanvitan1, W Janjindamai, S Dissaneevate
1Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Songklanagarind Hospital, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
Insights
Low birth weight incidence slightly increased from 1987-1997, but early neonatal mortality rates significantly decreased, especially for very low birth weight infants. Congenital anomalies were a leading cause of early neonatal death.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal Health
- Perinatal Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- The 11-year period from 1987 to 1997 saw 23,584 livebirths at Songklanagarind Hospital.
- The average incidence of low birth weight (LBW) was 8.17%, showing a slight increase in the latter 6 years (8.53%) compared to the first 5 years (7.59%).
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze trends in low birth weight and early neonatal mortality rates.
- To identify changes in causes of early neonatal death over an 11-year period.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of livebirth data from 1987-1997.
- Comparison of incidence and mortality rates between the first 5-year and last 6-year periods.
- Analysis of causes of early neonatal mortality by birth weight groups.
Main Results:
- Early neonatal mortality rate (ENMR) decreased from 4.71 per 1000 livebirths in the first 5 years to 3.94 per 1000 livebirths in the last 6 years.
- A marked reduction in ENMR was observed from 6.73 in 1987 to 1.52 per 1000 livebirths in 1997.
- Early neonatal mortality for neonates <1000g and 1000-1499g significantly reduced from 57.14% to 16.67% and 50% to 6.25% respectively in the last 6 years.
- Congenital anomalies were the primary cause of early neonatal death across most birth weight groups, except for neonates <1000g, where respiratory distress syndrome was the leading cause.
Conclusions:
- Despite a slight increase in low birth weight, significant improvements in early neonatal survival were achieved.
- Targeted interventions may be needed for specific conditions like respiratory distress syndrome in extremely low birth weight infants.
Abstract:
During the 11 year period (1987-1997), there were 23,584 livebirths at Songklanagarind Hospital. The average incidence of low birth weight was 8.17 per cent, it has increased slightly during the last 6 year period (8.53 per cent) compared to the first 5 year period (7.59 per cent). There has been little decrease in the early neonatal mortality rate (ENMR) during the last 6 years (3.94 per 1000 livebirths) compared to the first 5 years (4.71 per 1000 livebirths). ENMR was markedly reduced when we compared ENMR of the first year (6.73 per 1000 livebirths in 1987) to the last year (1.52 per 1000 livebirths in 1997). During the last 6 year period, early neonatal mortality (ENM) of neonates less than 1000 g and 1000-1499 g has greatly reduced from 57.14 per cent to 16.67 per cent and from 50 per cent to 6.25 per cent respectively. The major cause of ENM was congenital anomalies in the first 5 year and the last 6 year period and all birth weight groups except the group less than 1000 g of which the leading cause of death was respiratory distress syndrome.