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Related Experiment Videos

Familial thyroid cancer.

O Alsanea1, O H Clark

  • 1Clinical Fellow-Endocrine Surgical Oncology, and Chief, Professor and Vice Chair, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco/Mount Zion Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA. alsaneao@surgery.scsf.edu

Current Opinion in Oncology
|January 10, 2001
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Familial thyroid cancer has two types: medullary and nonmedullary. Genetic testing and timely surgery are key for managing familial medullary thyroid cancer (FMTC) and related syndromes.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Familial thyroid cancer presents as familial medullary thyroid cancer (FMTC) or familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC).
  • FMTC can be isolated or part of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes (types IIA and IIB).
  • FNMTC is associated with papillary or Hurthle cell cancers and other genetic syndromes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the genetic basis and management strategies for familial thyroid cancer.
  • To differentiate between medullary and nonmedullary familial thyroid cancers.
  • To emphasize the importance of genetic testing and surgical interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic testing for RET mutations in chromosome 10 for FMTC.
  • Prophylactic total thyroidectomy in asymptomatic gene carriers.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Surgical interventions including central neck dissection and modified radical neck dissection based on clinical presentation and tumor size.

    • Main Results:

    • RET mutation testing identifies carriers for FMTC and MEN syndromes.
    • Prophylactic surgery in gene carriers before age 6 (FMTC, MEN IIA) or after age 1 (MEN IIB) is recommended.
    • Postoperative calcitonin levels indicate surgical success.
    • FNMTC, while more aggressive than sporadic forms, is less aggressive than FMTC.

    Conclusions:

    • Early genetic identification and prophylactic thyroidectomy are crucial for managing FMTC and MEN syndromes.
    • Total thyroidectomy, neck dissection, radioactive iodine ablation, and hormone suppression are effective for FNMTC.
    • Awareness of ethical and lifestyle issues is vital for affected families.