Protein deficiency in primates. IV. Pregnant rhesus monkey

Young adult female rhesus monkeys, maintained in a seminatural environment, when pregnant 30 days were fed a balanced semisynthetic diet containing 15.3 percent casein (13.4 percent protein) or 0.5, or 0.25 that amount for the remainder of thir pregnancy. The diets, made isocaloric by the addition of carbohydrates to replace the missing casein, supplied 4, 2, or 1 g protein/kg per day if the animals ate 120 kcal/kg per day, an assumption that was reasonably accurate. We studied the responses of monkeys delivering normal young at term. All monkeys were clinically healthy during the experiment. All reduced their total plasma protein concentration, principally by decreasing their albumin concentration. Greatest loss occurred in the low-protein group. Albuminuria was a common finding in all groups. Food consumption though varying throughout pregnancy, remained fairly comparable from group to group. Weight gain of the highest protein group was greatest; that for the lowest protein group barely covered the weight of the products of conception. Blood pressure declined during pregnancy while blood glucose rose. There were no morphologic changes in hair bulbs and only suggestive changes in liver cells that pointed to increased vacuolation. Increased metabolic efficiency during pregnancy enables the mother to safely pass through a long pregnancy during most of which she is fed a low-protein diet. Nonpregnant aminals suffer more under the same circumstances.