Striated muscle cells in non-neoplastic lung tissue: a clinicopathologic study

This study was performed to study the prevalence, origin, and clinical implication of striated muscle cells in congenital non-neoplastic lung abnormalities. Five cases of striated muscle cell proliferation within congenital non-neoplastic pulmonary abnormalities were identified from a series of 31 (16%) resected specimens obtained at King's College Hospital, London, during the period 1992 to 1998. Lung tissue was also obtained from 48 normal human fetuses and serial sections stained for the presence of striated muscle. A histologic and immunohistochemical study of the clinical cases and the fetal material was performed by using phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin staining and immunostaining for myoglobin and desmin. Striated muscle cells were identified either as a diffuse or a focal proliferation within the lung interstitia of five infants. The congenital lung anomalies were intra-abdominal pulmonary sequestration associated with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM), intrathoracic sequestration again with features of CCAM, an intrathoracic sequestration associated with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and 2 Stocker type II intrathoracic CCAMs. Striated muscle cells were not identified in any section of lung tissue derived from the fetal series. Striated muscle cells proliferation in non-neoplastic lung tissue is more common than usually reported. Although the exact origin of such cells is speculative, because it is always detected within pulmonary anomalies, a wide morphogenetic error is likely. The clinical implication of its presence has to be further defined. HUM PATHOL 31:1477-1481.