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Related Experiment Videos

Calcium binding by a myeloma protein.

J P Jaffe, D F Mosher

    The American Journal of Medicine
    |August 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study details a rare case of immunoglobulin G (IgG)-kappa myeloma causing severe hypercalcemia. The myeloma protein, IgGCAB, was found to bind calcium ions, explaining the high calcium levels.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Immunology
    • Oncology

    Background:

    • Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells.
    • Hypercalcemia is a common complication of multiple myeloma.
    • This case presents a unique instance of severe, asymptomatic hypercalcemia in a patient with IgG-kappa myeloma.

    Observation:

    • The patient exhibited markedly elevated total serum calcium (17.8 mg/dl) and nonprotein-bound calcium (5.2 mg/dl).
    • A specific myeloma protein, IgGCAB, and its Fab fragments showed altered migration patterns in the presence and absence of calcium ions during electrophoresis.
    • Sixty other myeloma proteins did not exhibit this calcium-dependent electrophoretic behavior.

    Findings:

    • Purified IgGCAB demonstrated binding of 1.5 calcium ions with a dissociation constant of 1.2 x 10(-4) M.
    • This binding suggests a direct interaction between the myeloma protein and calcium ions.

    Implications:

    • The findings suggest that calcium binding to the variable regions of myeloma antibody molecules may be responsible for the rare syndrome of myeloma with high protein-bound calcium.
    • This mechanism offers a potential explanation for severe hypercalcemia in specific myeloma cases.
    • Further research into calcium-binding properties of myeloma proteins could lead to novel diagnostic or therapeutic strategies.

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