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Related Concept Videos

Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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No description available
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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
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What is Gene Expression?01:42

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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
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What is Gene Expression?01:36

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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

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The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
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Related Experiment Video

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Gene Expression Analyses in Human Follicles
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Differential gene expression profiling in human brain tumors.

J M Markert1, C M Fuller, G Y Gillespie

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0005, USA.

Physiological Genomics
|February 13, 2001
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumors show altered expression of ion transport genes and novel cytokines like macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). These changes in gene expression may offer new therapeutic targets for brain tumor treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with complex molecular alterations.
  • Understanding gene expression changes is crucial for identifying new therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To profile gene expression in GBM tumors compared to normal brain tissue.
  • To identify novel genes and pathways involved in GBM pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Oligonucleotide microarray analysis of human temporal lobe tissues and GBM tumors.
  • Validation of gene expression changes using whole cell patch clamp, immunohistochemistry, and RT-PCR.

Main Results:

  • Downregulation of several ion and solute transport genes, including NMDA receptors, AMPA-2 receptors, GABA(A) receptor subunits, glutamate transporters, potassium channels, and sodium/proton exchanger 1 (NHE-1) in GBMs.
  • Upregulation of aquaporins, GLUT-3, osteopontin, nicotinamide N-methyltransferase, MDM2, epithelin, and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in GBMs.
  • Identification of MIF as a novel upregulated cytokine in GBMs.

Conclusions:

  • Modulation of ion and solute transport genes significantly impacts GBM cell biology.
  • Upregulation of cytokines like MIF represents a potential therapeutic target for GBM treatment.
  • Gene expression profiling reveals critical pathways for future therapeutic interventions in GBM.