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Related Concept Videos

Molecular Shapes01:18

Molecular Shapes

Molecules have characteristic shapes that are crucial for their function. The arrangement of various electron groups around the central atom dictates their molecular geometry. Electron pairs in the valence shell of a central atom will adopt an arrangement that minimizes repulsions between the electron pairs by maximizing the distance between them. The valence electrons form either bonding pairs, located primarily between bonded atoms, or lone pairs.Two regions of electron density in a diatomic...
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Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
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Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water
16:24

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

Published on: August 2, 2012

Molecular rulers for scaling down nanostructures.

A Hatzor1, P Weiss

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802-6300, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 13, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel method to create nanoscale structures with precise spacing using organic molecules and metal ions. This technique enables the precise scaling down of larger patterns into smaller, isolated nanostructures.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Precise fabrication of nanoscale structures is crucial for advanced electronics and materials.
  • Existing methods for creating sub-30-nanometer features often face challenges in achieving controlled dimensions and close proximity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel method for constructing sub-30-nanometer structures with high precision in spacing.
  • To demonstrate the scalability of this method for creating various nanostructures, including parallel wires and hollow patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizes a step-by-step application of organic molecules and metal ions as size-controlled resists.
  • Employs predetermined patterns, such as those from electron-beam lithography, as a starting point.
  • Involves metal deposition and lift-off of the organic multilayer resist to yield smaller, isolated structures.

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Main Results:

  • Successfully constructed structures with feature sizes below 30 nanometers.
  • Demonstrated the ability to create thin parallel wires (15-70 nm width, 1 micrometer length) with controlled thickness and spacing.
  • Verified the obtained nanostructures using field emission scanning electron microscopy.
  • Showcased the scalability to various nanostructures, including those with hollow patterns.

Conclusions:

  • The presented method offers a precise and scalable approach for fabricating sub-30-nanometer structures.
  • This technique provides a reliable way to downscale larger patterns into smaller, isolated nanostructures.
  • The ability to control thickness and spacing opens possibilities for advanced nanoscale device fabrication.