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Anxiety and arousal: physiological changes and their perception.

R Hoehn-Saric1, D R McLeod

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 115 Meyer Bldg., Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287-7144, USA. rhoehn@welchlink.welch.jhu.edu

Journal of Affective Disorders
|February 13, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Patients with chronic anxiety disorders show increased muscle tension, not autonomic hyperarousal, at rest. They exhibit reduced physiological flexibility under stress, overreacting to anxiety triggers.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychophysiology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Anxiety Disorders

Background:

  • Chronic anxiety disorders often involve altered physiological responses.
  • Self-reported symptoms may not align with objective physiological measures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate physiological responses in patients with chronic anxiety disorders.
  • To compare physiological flexibility between anxious individuals and controls.
  • To explore the relationship between subjective perception and physiological changes during stress.

Main Methods:

  • Assessment of muscle tension and autonomic activity at rest.
  • Evaluation of physiological flexibility under everyday and anxiety-provoking stress.
  • Comparison of subjective reports with physiological recordings.

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Main Results:

  • Anxious patients display increased muscle tension, not autonomic hyperarousal, at rest.
  • Reduced physiological flexibility is observed in anxious individuals compared to controls.
  • Anxious individuals overreact subjectively and physiologically to anxiety-provoking stimuli.
  • A weak relationship and desynchrony exist between physiological changes and perceived changes under stress.

Conclusions:

  • Diminished physiological flexibility may be a trait or adaptation in anxiety.
  • Psychological factors like expectations and attention can distort perception of bodily states.
  • Inconsistencies between self-reports and physiological data are explained by perceptual distortions.