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Propulsive adaptation to changing gait speed.

P O Riley1, U Della Croce, D C Kerrigan

  • 1Spaulding CRS Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory and Hospital, and Department of PM&R Harvard Medical School, 125, Nashua Street, 02114, Boston, MA, USA. priley@partners.org

Journal of Biomechanics
|February 13, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Lower limb joint moments, especially at the hip, drive forward propulsion during walking. Adaptations to walking speed primarily involve the hip extensors and secondarily the ankle, crucial for effective gait therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human locomotion
  • Gait analysis

Background:

  • Understanding the biomechanics of human gait is crucial for developing effective therapies for gait disorders.
  • Identifying the primary joints and muscle groups responsible for propulsion and speed adaptation is essential for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the hip joint in forward propulsion and adaptations to changing walking speeds.
  • To determine the contribution of lower limb joints to propulsive forces during different gait conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of linear power at the hip joint during slow, normal, and fast gait in 24 healthy young adults.
  • Determination of anterior-posterior and vertical induced accelerations at the hip joint.

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Main Results:

  • Hip joint moments significantly contribute to forward propulsion, particularly during the late swing and early stance phases.
  • Propulsive adaptations to speed variations are primarily mediated by the hip and secondarily by the ankle.
  • Hip extensors are critical for propulsion, while ankle function is mainly for support but contributes significantly at slower speeds.

Conclusions:

  • The hip joint plays a primary role in forward propulsion and adapting to changes in walking speed.
  • Hip muscles, especially extensors, are key to propulsion, with the ankle providing secondary propulsive support.
  • These findings have implications for designing therapies for gait disorders by focusing on hip and ankle biomechanics.