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Maternal effects, paternal effects and sexual selection.

A Qvarnström, T D. Price

    Trends in Ecology & Evolution
    |February 13, 2001
    PubMed
    Summary

    Parental effects significantly influence evolution, sometimes opposing natural selection. Understanding these complex influences is key to explaining the diversity in sexually selected traits.

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    Area of Science:

    • Evolutionary biology
    • Behavioral ecology
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Parental effects, including genetic and environmental influences from parents on offspring, can complicate evolutionary trajectories.
    • Recent research indicates substantial parental effects on traits related to sexual selection and mate choice.
    • Existing evolutionary theory inadequately addresses the dynamics and equilibria influenced by these parental effects.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the theoretical implications of maternal and paternal effects on the evolutionary dynamics of sexual selection.
    • To investigate how parental strategies for maximizing their own fitness impact offspring traits and preferences.
    • To provide a theoretical framework for understanding the maintenance of variation in sexually selected traits.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical modeling of evolutionary dynamics incorporating parental effects.
    • Analysis of fitness consequences for parents and offspring.
    • Examination of context-dependency in the magnitude and direction of parental effects.

    Main Results:

    • Parental effects can drive evolutionary change in directions opposite to natural selection.
    • The magnitude and direction of parental effects are context-dependent, influenced by parental fitness goals.
    • Parental effects can contribute to the persistence of variation in sexually selected traits.

    Conclusions:

    • Parental effects represent a significant, yet often overlooked, factor in evolutionary processes, particularly in sexual selection.
    • A dynamic, fitness-maximizing perspective on parental effects is crucial for understanding evolutionary outcomes.
    • The theoretical framework developed helps explain the maintenance of diversity in traits shaped by sexual selection.

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