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Related Experiment Videos

Nitric oxide and substance dependence.

I Tayfun Uzbay1, M W Oglesby

  • 1Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Etlik 06018, Ankara, Turkey. tuzbay@obs.gata.edu.tr

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
|February 13, 2001
PubMed
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Nitric oxide (NO), a key signaling molecule, plays a role in drug dependence. Inhibiting nitric oxide synthase (NOS) can reduce withdrawal symptoms, suggesting NO pathways as a therapeutic target for substance abuse.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) is a free-radical gas synthesized from L-arginine by nitric oxide synthase (NOS).
  • NO functions as a messenger molecule in the central nervous system (CNS), meeting criteria for a neurotransmitter.
  • Emerging evidence suggests NO's involvement in the mechanisms of drug dependence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of NO in dependence on various drugs of abuse, including opioids, ethanol, psychostimulants, and nicotine.
  • To explore the potential of modulating NO systems as a therapeutic strategy for substance abuse treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature on nitric oxide and drug dependence.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the effects of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors on withdrawal symptoms.

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Main Results:

  • Inhibitors of NOS effectively modulate withdrawal symptoms from opioids and ethanol, reducing many associated signs.
  • NOS inhibitors also suppress nicotine withdrawal symptoms.
  • Preliminary data suggest a link between glutamate neurotransmission and the beneficial effects of NOS inhibitors on withdrawal.

Conclusions:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) appears to be involved in the expression and potential development of withdrawal signs across different drugs of abuse.
  • Modulation of NO pathways presents a promising therapeutic target for treating substance abuse disorders.